How To Learn The Muscles Of The Body
Summary
Students learn all about muscles, including the three unlike types of muscles in the homo body and the effects of microgravity on muscles. They likewise learn how astronauts must practise in order to lessen muscle atrophy in infinite. Students find what types of equipment engineers blueprint to help the astronauts exercise while in space.This engineering curriculum aligns to Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS).
Engineering Connection
Engineers need to empathize how the human being body works in order to assist astronauts stay healthy in outer infinite. The microgravity of outer infinite leads to muscle cloudburst, and and then scientists and engineers at NASA work to design special exercise machines to help the astronauts maintain muscle force during space flight.
Learning Objectives
Afterward this lesson, students should be able to:
- List the three different kinds of muscles.
- Describe the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscle control.
- Explain what happens to muscles in outer space.
- Describe the importance of exercising both on Earth and in outer infinite.
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Each TeachEngineering lesson or activeness is correlated to one or more Thou-12 scientific discipline, technology, technology or math (Stem) educational standards.
All 100,000+ Grand-12 Stem standards covered in TeachEngineering are collected, maintained and packaged by the Accomplishment Standards Network (ASN), a projection of D2L (world wide web.achievementstandards.org).
In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: commencement by source; e.g., by country; within source past type; e.g., science or mathematics; within type by subtype, then past grade, etc.
NGSS: Adjacent Generation Science Standards - Science
- A organization can exist described in terms of its components and their interactions. (Grades three - 5) More Details
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- Technological advances accept made it possible to create new devices, to repair or replace certain parts of the torso, and to provide a means for mobility. (Grades 3 - five) More Details
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Introduction/Motivation
Astronauts become to practice all sorts of amazing things! How would you like to visit the International Space Station, proceed a space walk, or wait downwardly on planet World from outer space? That would exist pretty cool!
Yeah, astronauts have an incredible job, but it is also a tough one. One of the numerous challenges that astronauts face up is to identify and accommodate for the many affects that outer space has on their health. One event is muscle atrophy ─ which means that when astronauts are away from Earth in a microgravity environs for a long time, their muscles go smaller and much weaker. Substantially, this means that muscles shrink! This is because in outer infinite, in that location is very little gravity (microgravity), so hardly whatsoever force or "load" pulls down on the astronauts' muscles. On Earth, we have constantly resist the force of gravity every day ─ which helps to keep our muscles working and strong. Merely in outer infinite, the astronauts need non resist gravity, so their muscles get weaker and eventually atrophy. According to researchers, after only 5 to 11 days in infinite, astronauts can lose up to 20% of muscle fibers – that is a lot of loss!
What do you know almost muscles? Do you know that every person has three dissimilar types of muscle in their body? The kickoff type of muscle is called cardiac muscle. These are the muscles in your center. The second type of muscle is called smooth muscle. These muscles line your stomach and other internal organs. The third type of muscle is skeletal muscle. The muscles are attached to your bones and assistance you move effectually. Skeletal muscles are the ones yous tin can encounter when you flex your arm or leg. Skeletal muscles are also the only muscles that you lot can movement past thinking virtually them. We phone call skeletal muscles voluntary muscles considering yous can volunteer to move them whenever you want to engage (activate) them. Cardiac and smoothen muscles are involuntary considering they motion without you thinking about them. (Write the 3 musculus types on the board.)
We know that if y'all reduce the loads, or weight, on your muscles, they will cloudburst and get weaker. But, the great matter near muscles is that once y'all put weight on them over again, they will brainstorm to grow stronger. That is what happens when a person lifts heavy weights (e.g., weight lifters). Their skeletal muscles react to the repetitive lifting and eventually get stronger. And then, the very best thing that astronauts can practise to go along their muscles potent is to exercise. The type of exercise the astronauts practice is very important – it has to exist resistance do, which ways it has to create a load on their muscles. But, exercising is tricky in outer space! Call up, at that place is very little gravity, so if an astronaut tried lifting heavy weights, they would experience incredibly low-cal and take piddling effort to lift. Therefore, how do astronauts get the exercise they need? Engineers at NASA accept developed special machines to help astronauts create a load on their muscles, fifty-fifty in microgravity.
Even though yous may not be an astronaut, yous tin learn from their example. When people on Earth become older, their concrete activity often slows down and their muscles begin to atrophy too, just like in outer space. So, if you want to accept strong, healthy muscles when you get old, you need to put loads on your muscles and exercise – just like the astronauts. Today we are going to learn more about muscles and how engineers help keep astronaut'southward muscles healthy and strong in space. Following the lesson, carry the associated activities Walk, Run, Jump! and Muscles, Muscles Everywhere to aggrandize students' knowledge of muscles and special considerations for those of astronauts!
Lesson Background and Concepts for Teachers
How would you dance, write or smile without your muscles? You couldn't; information technology would be impossible! Muscles are in charge of all the trunk'southward movements.
Virtually 40% of the weight of the body is muscle. Some muscles get their instructions from the nervous system, which sends electric impulses to the muscles telling them to move. However, your heart, which is fabricated up of cardiac muscle, can contract all past itself, without directions from the brain.
Muscles get their free energy from glucose that is carried in blood cells through the body. The torso also stores glucose in the muscles as glycogen. Then, when you lot exercise, the glycogen is broken downwards to provide energy.
Muscles are made up of fibers. The more than a fiber contracts, the shorter the entire muscle becomes. The fibers consist of bundles of myofibril which contains two types of filaments ─ chosen myofilaments: thin filaments, primarily made of the actin protein, and thick filaments, primarily made of the myosin protein. These myofilaments are bundled together to create myofibrils. These myofibrils are then bundled together to create a skeletal musculus fiber.
When a muscle is stimulated, an activity potential travels over the muscle fiber membrane and causes a contraction. In a contracted country, the actin (sparse) filaments are pulled inwards amongst the myosin (thick) filaments and then that the filaments then overlap each other.
There are three different types of muscle: skeletal muscle, polish muscle and cardiac musculus. Of these, only the skeletal muscles are controlled past witting thought.
The muscles visible on the outside of the human body are skeletal muscles. (Run into Vocabulary for specific types.) Arranged in parallel bundles and attached to bones by tendons, some of the skeletal muscles are the largest and most powerful muscles in the human body. Skeletal muscles include ones located in the arms, legs, neck, tongue and face. Tendons are located wherever there are skeletal muscles, helping to make a powerful movement team by attaching the muscles to bone.
The smoothen muscles make up hollow internal organs, which include organs such as blood vessels, the alimentary canal and the float. They use much less energy than the skeletal muscles and practise not require conscious thought to make them piece of work ─ try telling your breadbasket to contract! Also, the speed of polish muscle contraction is much slower than the skeletal musculus.
The cardiac muscle is the muscle that makes upward the walls of the middle. Unlike the skeletal muscle, the heart takes a lifetime to tire. It pumps blood through the entire torso continuously. Blood carries oxygen, and the cardiac muscle needs continuous unobstructed oxygen to keep it alive, and then when a centre attack occurs (and blood stops flowing) the cardiac muscle rapidly dies.
Associated Activities
- Walk, Run, Jump! - Students try different exercises to learn more about the muscles in their bodies.
- Muscles, Muscles Everywhere - Students investigate the dissimilar muscles and hash out how they are used. They work in teams to design exercise machines for astronauts to utilize in outer infinite.
Lesson Closure
Let's review the different kinds of muscles. Who can recollect what a smooth muscle is and requite u.s.a. some examples? (Respond: Polish muscles make up hollow internal organs, like the bladder or stomach.) What about skeletal muscles? (Respond: Skeletal muscles are muscles attached to os that yous can run across when you practise.) Who can retrieve the third type of muscle? (Answer: Cardiac muscles; the muscles in the heart.) Which of the three muscle types is voluntary (i.east., yous can move past thinking virtually them)? (Reply: skeletal) Skeletal muscles are the only voluntary blazon of muscle. Other muscles are involuntary since we tin not control the contraction of our stomach and heart, for case. What practise astronauts need to practice in space to help go along their muscles stiff? (Answer: do) What do we demand to exercise here on Earth to go along our own muscles strong? (Respond: exercise) Engineers help keep people's muscles good for you and strong in space by designing special exercise equipment that provides muscle load in a microgravity (little gravity) environment.
Vocabulary/Definitions
actin: I of the ii types of poly peptide that make up myofilaments.
bicep: Skeletal muscles found in the upper arm.
cardiac muscle: Involuntary muscles located in the heart.
deltoid: Skeletal muscles found in the shoulder expanse.
gluteus maximus: Skeletal muscles found in your behind (rear stop).
microgravity: An environment in which exists very little net gravitational force (free-falling).
myofibril: A parcel of myofilaments.
myology: The study of muscle.
myosin: One of the 2 types of protein that make up myofilaments.
pectoralis: A skeletal musculus institute on each side of the upper breast (pecs).
quadricep: A skeletal muscle plant at the front of the thigh (quads).
rectus abdominus: A skeletal musculus establish nether the rib cage (abs).
skeletal musculus: Voluntary muscles fastened to bone.
shine musculus: Involuntary muscles located in the hollow internal organs.
tendon: Tough tissue that attaches skeletal muscles to bone.
Assessment
Pre-Lesson Cess
Give-and-take Question: Solicit, integrate and summarize pupil responses. Write their ideas on the board. Tell the students these questions will be answered in the lesson.
- What do muscles practise? (Answer: Help u.s. move, consume, go to the bathroom, play sports, dance, walk, talk, grin, etc.)
- What do you call up happens to our muscles when we travel into outer space? (Answer: They atrophy, or grow weaker/shrink. Note: Write down student ideas on the lath.)
- Practice you retrieve engineers need to know almost muscles? Why? (Respond: Aye, so that they can help astronauts while traveling in infinite, and help blueprint ways to take care of people's muscles here on World, with devices such as prosthetics, wheelchairs, crutches, special practice equipment for people with disabilities, etc.)
Post-Introduction Cess
Voting: Ask a true/fake question and have students vote past belongings thumbs upward for true and thumbs downwardly for false. Count the votes and write the totals on the board. Give the right respond.
- True or Simulated: There are four different kinds of muscles. (Answer: Imitation; there are three unlike kinds of muscle in the human body.)
- True or False: Some engineers need to know how muscles work (Answer: True)
- True or False: Astronauts do not demand to practice in outer infinite (Reply: Faux; astronauts demand to do to go along their muscles from atrophying, or shrinking.)
- True or False: When nosotros get sometime, our muscles get weaker (Answer: True)
- True or False: Exercising helps our muscles stay strong (Answer: Truthful)
- True or Fake: Rough musculus is 1 type of musculus (Respond: False, the three types of muscle are cardiac, smooth and skeletal.)
- Truthful or False: We tin can control all of our muscles and tell them when to move (Respond: False, nosotros tin can merely control skeletal muscles.)
- True or False: Cardiac muscle is institute in the heart (Answer: True)
- True or False: Skeletal muscle is voluntary muscle (Answer: Truthful)
Lesson Summary Assessment
Human Matching: On ten dissever pieces of paper, write the terms and the definitions of the five concepts listed below (each on a separate piece of paper). Ask for x volunteers from the audience to come to the front of the room, and give each volunteer ane of the pieces of newspaper. Have all volunteers read what is written on their papers one at a time. Have the audience match term to definition by voting. Have students with "terms" stand up by their "definitions." At the end, give a brief caption of concepts.
- Smooth muscle — Muscles located in the hollow internal organs (like our tum or float); involuntary
- Cardiac muscle —Muscles located in the heart; involuntary
- Skeletal musculus —Muscles attached to bone; voluntary
- Muscle atrophy — Weakening of our muscles (from microgravity and/or aging)
- Exercise — Way to keep our muscles strong
Lesson Extension Activities
Talk about the importance of exercising our muscles here on Earth. Take students create a flyer about exercise and exercise equipment for the next space mission.
Check out this video of the explanation of the process of cardiac muscle contraction: https://www.youtube.com/watch?five=LLNpue1R-xE
Watch the NASA Fitness in Space picture: https://www.nasa.gov/audience/formedia/presskits/ffs_interactive.html
References
Bedford, Anthony and Fowler, Wallace. Engineering Mechanics: Statics/Dynamics, 2d Edition, Addison-Wesley Longman, Inc.: New York, 1999.
Fox, Stuart. Human Physiology, Ninth Edition, McGraw-Hill Science: New York, 2005.
Miller, Karen and Phillips, Tony. National Aeronautics and Space Assistants, Systems Mission Directorate at NASA's Marshall Space Flying Centre Science@NASA, Patches for a Cleaved Heart, Nov seven, 2005.
National Aeronautics and Space Assistants (NASA), Infinite Research, The Office of Biological and Physical Inquiry, Pumping Atomic number 26 in Microgravity, January 22, 2004, http://spaceresearch.nasa.gov/general_info/pumpingiron.html
National Aeronautics and Space Assistants (NASA), Johnson Space Heart, Musculus Atrophy, http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/64249main_ffs_factsheets_hbp_atrophy.pdf
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson Space Center, Astronaut Fettle/Concrete Workout, http://world wide web.nasa.gov/pdf/64247main_ffs_factsheets_fitness.pdf
Nemours Foundation, Kids Health For Kids, Seeing Skeletal Muscles, 1995-2003 (available online; search for Nemours Foundation through whatsoever Internet search engine).
Nemours Foundation, Kids Health For Kids, Your Multitalented Muscles, 1995-2003 (bachelor online; search for Nemours Foundation through any Internet search engine).
Parker, Steve. How the Body Works, ed. Dorling Kindersley Limited, London. Reader'south Digest Books: New York, 1999.
Trivial, John Ira. National Aeronautics and Infinite Assistants (NASA), For Media and Press, Press Kits, Fit for Space Multimedia, "Fettle in Infinite" (video), February 26, 2006, http://www.nasa.gov/audition/formedia/presskits/ffs_interactive.html
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, The President'due south Quango on Concrete Fettle and Sports, Publications, Council Publications, Winning Diet for Athletes, October fifteen, 2004, http://www.fitness.gov/
U.S. National Cancer Institute'due south Surveillance, Epidemiology and Cease Results (SEER) Program, Preparation Website, Anatomy and Physiology, Muscular System, Musculus Types (available online; search for SEER Plan through whatever Internet search engine).
Wikipedia Foundation, Inc. Myofibril, March 21, 2006, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myofibril
Copyright
© 2006 by Regents of the Academy of ColoradoContributors
Jessica Todd; Sara Born; Emily Weller; Abigail Watrous; Denali Lander; Malinda Schaefer Zarske; Janet YowellSupporting Plan
Integrated Teaching and Learning Program, College of Engineering, University of Colorado BoulderAcknowledgements
The contents of this digital library curriculum were developed under grants from the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE), U.S. Department of Didactics and National Science Foundation (GK-12 grant no. 0338326). However, these contents practice not necessarily represent the policies of the Department of Teaching or National Scientific discipline Foundation, and you should not assume endorsement by the federal government.
Concluding modified: March 8, 2022
Source: https://www.teachengineering.org/lessons/view/cub_human_lesson02
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